Why Europa's hidden ocean may be more difficult to reach than scientists thought

Europa, one of Jupiter's icy moons, has long fascinated scientists because of what may lie beneath its frozen shell: a global ocean of liquid water.

That hidden ocean has made Europa one of the most compelling places in the solar system to study the conditions that might support life.

But new research led by Rutgers scientist Lujendra Ojha suggests one of the most promising shortcuts to Europa's ocean may be far more complicated than previously thought. ...