Static and Dynamic Estimation of Flexural Rigidity of Soybean

This paper evaluates a cantilever system as a simple method for measuring the mechanical rigidity (bending rigidity EI or Young's modulus E) of plants.

Using soybeans as a test sample -- whose E values have rarely been reported -- we conducted static and dynamic experimental measurements alongside numerical modal analysis.

Results showed good agreement in EI values between the static and dynamic tests when branches and leaves were removed, provided the stem responded uniformly.

However, the added mass of attached foliage causes complex dynamic interactions, which we analyze through both experimental and numerical approaches.

Ultimately, our findings suggest that cantilever force-deflection measurements provide a practical, on-site approach, contributing to the development of an affordable and reliable standard for estimating plant mechanical properties.