The Liouville equation on Riemannian surfaces: the role of volume growth in classification and rigidity results

We study the Liouville equation $-\Delta u = e^u$ on a complete, connected, non-compact, boundaryless Riemannian surface $(M, g)$ with non-negative Ricci curvature.

Assuming only some asymptotic lower bound on the solution, we establish classification results for both the solutions and the ambient manifold, discussing also their optimality.

Our results reveal a close connection between the volume growth of the manifold and the classification of both the solutions and the underlying manifold.