Lee-Yang Zeros And Particle Fluctuations

We consider classical particles in the continuum in the grand canonical ensemble, with a stable, tempered and lower-regular pair potential and boundary conditions of uniformly bounded density.

We prove that if the Lee--Yang zeros of the grand canonical partition function in the complex fugacity plane $z = e^{\beta\mu}$ remain bounded away from a real point $z_0 > 0$ for all sufficiently large volumes, then along cubes the thermodynamic limit and differentiation commute at $z_0$: every derivative of the finite-volume pressure in the chemical potential converges, uniformly in a neighborhood of $z_0$, to the corresponding derivative of the limiting pressure.

The limiting values of all derivatives are independent of the boundary condition; in particular, the density and the particle-number variance per unit volume converge to $\beta^{-1}\partial_\mu p$ and $\beta^{-2}\partial^{2}_{\mu} p$, respectively.

The result extends to the unbounded boundary conditions of Procacci and Yuhjtman for super-stable potentials in addition to Ruelle's tempered boundary conditions.