Discrete Boltzmann model at Burnett level for compressible multicomponent flows under external forces

This work extends the Burnett-level discrete Boltzmann model (DBM) from single-component to multicomponent compressible flows under external forces, building on the fundamental framework of the high-precision discrete kinetic method.

A high-isotropy 25-discrete-velocity set is adopted to guarantee numerical stability and spatial symmetry, while a rigorous moment-matching strategy is developed to construct the equilibrium distribution function and external force term.

Different from the single-component counterpart, the present model intrinsically incorporates interspecies mass diffusion effects and multi-component thermodynamic nonequilibrium behaviors, which are critical for complex compressible multicomponent systems.

The Chapman--Enskog expansion verifies that the proposed model can exactly recover the Burnett-level governing equations for forced multicomponent compressible flows in the continuum limit.

Five canonical benchmark cases, including multicomponent mass diffusion, compressible Sod shock tube, thermal Couette flow, Kelvin--Helmholtz instability, and Rayleigh--Taylor instability, are systematically performed.

Numerical results demonstrate that the developed Burnett-level multicomponent DBM achieves high accuracy and robustness in capturing both hydrodynamic evolution and multicomponent nonequilibrium characteristics under external forces.